Mapping these meanings through words is called semantic mapping. A set of words related in meaning are said to belong to the same semantic field
e.g. : bus, driver, conductor, ticket, etc
Write four words that belong to and that you can associate with the following words
- space (a) (b) (c) (d)
- business (a) (b) (c) (d)
- occupation (a) (b) (c) (d)
- travel (a) (b) (c) (d)
ans:
- space (a) space-shuttle (b) space travel (c) space station (d) spaceship
- business (a) selling (b) buying (c) exports (d) imports
- occupation (a) teacher (b) driver (c) collector (d) conductor
- travel (a) road (b) rail (c) sea travel (d) air travel
II. Read the sentence given below
Dr. Kotnis lost his heart to a Chinese woman.
What does the expression lose heart in the above sentence mean?
Lost his heart means fell in love
Here is one more expression using the word heart.
Eat your heart out. (Suffer from envy or jealousy)
e.g.: I am going to New York next week. Eat your heart out!
e.g.: When he hears about your promotion he will eat his heart out
III. Match the following?
- have a heart
( ) - sadness
- broken heart
( ) - no feelings
- heavy heart
( ) - a very deep thank you
- take to heart
( ) - be merciful
- a heart of stone
( ) - lost love
- thanks from the bottom of my heart
( ) - take seriously
ans:
Grammar
Coordination is a grammatical process by which two or more words phrases or clauses of the same rank are conjoined
A conjunction that joins parts of a sentence (words, phrases or clauses) that are grammatically equal or similar in importance and structure is called a Coordinating
Conjunction, e.g: and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so
Coordinating Conjunctions: and, but, or, yet, so, neither. nor, either.. or, not only
but also, both, etc
Subordinate Conjunctions: when, before, after, since, while, as, till, until, whenever, as long as, as soon as, no sooner..than, then, scarcely, hardly,.. when, wherever, because, in order that, so..that, if, though, even though, whereas, as if, whether .. or, etc
Compound Sentence and Complex Sentence
Observe the following sentences
- Dr. Kotnis was a doctor and Guo, a nurse
- I could not stop laughing when he told jokes
- What are the main clauses in each sentence
- How many subordinate clauses are there in sentences 1 and 2
Dr. Kotnis was a doctor and Guo, a nurse, (two main clauses)
I could not stop laughing when he told jokes, (one main clause and one subordinate clause) I could not stop laughing is a main clause, when he told jokes is a subordinate clause
- A sentence which consists of two or more main clauses combined with coordinate conjuctions is called a Compound Sentence
- A sentence which consists of one main clause and one or more subordinate clauses combined with subordinate conjuctions is called a Complex Sentence
Read the following sentences. Identify the clauses and say whether they are main clauses or subordinate clauses
- John suffers from Asthma but attends school regularly
- We like songs but they like games
- Japan attacked China in 1937 and wounded many soldiers
- If the rain stops, we will go out
- She was unhappy or she was upset
- The shops were closed because there was a strike
ans:
- John suffers from Asthama but attends school regularly.
- Main clause - John suffers from Asthama
- Main clause - (he) attends school regularly
- We like songs but they like games
- Main clause - We like songs
- Main clause - they like games
- Japan attacked China in 1937 and wounded many soldiers
- Main clause - Japan attacked China in 1937
- Main clause - (Japan) wounded many soldiers
- If the rain stops, we will go out.
- Main clause - We will go out.
- Subordinate clause - If the rain stops
- She was unhappy or she was upset
- Main clause - She was unhappy
- Main clause - She was upset
- The shops were closed because there was a strike
- Main clause - The shops were closed
- Subordinate clause - because there was a strike
Writing
Developing Headlines
When writing a news report for a newspaper, or your school News Board, the headline is the first and foremost impression you make on your reader. Therefore, writing a headline is a critical and creative art
Most of the people read only the headlines while reading a newspaper, to get the gist of the news
- Headlines often contain a noun phrase with no verb
- Headlines may have noun strings (several nouns put together)
- Various changes are made in the headlines
- The simple tense form is used instead of the continuous or perfect form
- The infinite form refers to the future
- The auxiliary verb is dropped in the passive form
- Articles are dropped; full-stops are not placed after headlines
- Headlines may contain initials and abbreviations, e.g : Prime Minister advice
e.g : Man snatches woman chain
e.g : Andhra Pradesh State Board Examination Results Declared
e.g : Hyderabad celebrates kite festival
e.g : Chief Minister to inaugurate Craft Bazars
e.g : Passengers injured seriously in Nellore train accident
e.g : India to host SAARC meet in UP
I. Now write a headline for each of the following news reports. Remember to pick out only the main idea or words from the sentence?
- Hyderabad: With an alarming rise in cases of missing people, especially women and children, since 2009, the Andhra Pradesh Police have stepped up measures to trace them in co-ordination with various agencies and police forces
ans:Andhra Pradesh police have stepped up measures to trace missing people
- The full moon that rises on this Friday night, August 31,2012, will be a Blue Moon. That what it has been dubbed as in modern folklore of the west. But will it actually be blue
ans:A Blue Moon to rise on Friday night, August 31, 2012
- "If you look at the last three months, I am really practising well. ! am looking forward to playing my first game after a year."
ans:I am to play my first game after a year
- Next time your cell phone runs out of battery, you can charge it by just holding it in your hands as the scientist claims to have developed a new technology that turns body heat into electricity
ans:A new technology that runs body heat into electricity developed
II. Look at the picture where students are serving in an old age home?
Discussion Points
- Do old people go to old age homes on their own or are they forced to go there
- What are the conditions which make people leave their own homes and go to an old age home
- In what way are the conditions at an old age home different from those at home
- Are there any ways to prevent the old people from going to old age homes
III. Now write an article based on the following hints?
- What are old age homes
- Why do old people go there
- Facilities at the old age homes
- Compare facilities at home and old age homes
ans:The old age homes are intended for senior citizens. Nowadays, most of the old people prefer to live in old age homes. Many factors have contributed to the alienation of the elders
Migration of young couples from the rural areas to the cities in search of better employment opportunities to fend for themselves. Youngsters are sometimes unfair to their parents. They dont show the old ones any love or affection
Sometimes the old people are not given enough food to eat. The young people dont provide proper medical facilities for the old people. The young people dont care for them. Parents take a lot of pain to grow their children and sacrifice a plenty of their happiness
Our culture has it, that it is duty of the child to look after his parents. Unfortunately, it doesnt happen in our present society. Everyone is in a mad race of earning money
And in the process they dont take time off to look after their parents. We dont find good relationships and human values in our present society. Aged parents are like children. They are sensible
Nowadays, India is intensely influenced by the western world where parents live alone or stay at old age homes. The old people dont go to old age homes on their own. They are forced to go there
In the old age homes trained staff can assist the old people. They can be kept clean and fed well. Proper medical care is provided. Old age homes have special medical facilities for senior citizens such as mobile health care systems, ambulances, nurses and provision of well-balanced meals. Apart from food, shelter and medical amenities, the entertainment and library facilities are also available for them
These homes create a family like atmosphere among the residents. Senior citizens experience a sense of security and friendship when they share their joys and sorrows with one another. Here, they live peacefully. Old age homes provide them the much needed comfort, solace and companionship. We can prevent the old people from going to old age homes by showing them love and affection. The youngsters should take care of them. They should provide proper medical facilities for them. They should allow their parents to move and talk freely in their homes
Listening
Listen to your teacher. She/He will read out an announcement made by the headmaster of a Govt. High School
An Announcement in a School
Dear students
I am to inform you that we are going to start an Enrolment Drive Programme next week. We will go to the nearby slums in our locality for 3 days and see if there are any children who are not studying in any school. There will be 10 teams each consisting of 6 students. I want all the students and teachers of classes VIII and IX to join this mission. Mr. Rajkumar and Ms. Christina will be joining us in our mission. They will help us in all the aspects related to the programme. Children, now those who volunteer to take the lead in teams should meet their class teachers after the lunch hour
Now, answer the following questions
1. What is the announcement about?
ans:The announcement is about launching of Enrolment Drive Programme
2. Who are the special guests joining their mission?
ans:Mr. Rajkumar and Ms. Christina are the special guests joining their mission
3. What are the students asked to do in the programme?
ans:The students are asked to go to the nearby slums in their locality for 3 days and see if there are any children who are not studying in any school
4. Why does the headmaster call it a mission?
ans:The headmaster calls it a mission as he thinks that the Enrolment Drive Programme is a very important programme
Oral Activity
If you get an opportunity to propose a Vote of Thanks after completing the Enrolment Drive Programme. How would you do it
Prepare Vote of Thanks to thank Mr. Rajkumar, Ms. Christina, and all other participants.
Clues
- Introduction of the programme
- About the participants and the service they offered during the programme
- Their role in making the Programme a great success
- Thanking each and everyone referring to their role in the programme
- Requesting the extension of their service in future
ans:Good evening to all of you. I am proud and lucky to have the opportunity of proposing a Vote of Thanks to thank all the participants. As you are all aware that our Enrolment Drive Programme has come to an end and it is a great success for all of us recognizing the students who are outside the school and joining them in the school. At first I would like to thank our special guests Mr. Rajkumar and Ms. Christina on behalf of our school and on my behalf for sparing some of their valuable time for us
We are very much thankful to you sir and madam for the service offered by you during the programme and your valuable suggestions. We are hopeful that we will get your extended cooperation and help in the future. Once again I wish to express our sincere thanks to you sir and madam for your role in making this programme a grand success. Now, I would like to thank each and everyone who participate in this programme and make it a grand success. I would like to request all of you to extend your priceless services
in the future
Dr. Dwarakanath Kotnis Summary in English
Dr. Dwarakanath Kotnis was born in a lower middle class family on October 10, 1910 in Sholapur, Maharashtra. Coming from a family of doctors, Dr. Kotnis aspired to become a doctor
After completing his graduation in medicine, he went on to pursue his post-graduation internship. He started his medical expedition in Vietnam, and then, moved on to Singapore and Brunei
The communist General Zhu De requested Jawaharlal Nehru in 1937 to send Indian physicians to China to help the war victims. Dr. Kotnis was one of the five doctors who were sent to China as the part of Indian Medical Mission Team
Though the other doctors returned to India after the war, Dr. Kotnis decided to stay back and serve at the military base. He started his work in Yanan and then worked in the surgical department of the Eighth Route Army General Hospital as the physician-in-charge
He fell in love with a Chinese nurse, Guo Qinglan and married her in November, 1941. They had a son on August 23, 1942 and he was named Yin Hua. He worked as a lecturer for sometime at the Dr. Bethune Hygiene School. Later he took over the post of the first President of the Bethune International Peace Hospital. He did operations for 72 hours nonstop without any sleep during the long-drawn out battle against Japan
He played a major role in controlling a virulent strain of plague that hit Chinese soldiers. He died of epilepsy on December 9, 1942 at the age 32, and was buried in the Heroes Courtyard, Nanquan Village
The Chinese government built a memorial hall for him in Shijiazhuang city, Hebei Province in 1976. His grave was covered completely in flowers donated by the Chinese people during the Qingming festival. Both China and India honoured him with stamps in 1982 and 1983 respectively. Later, Kotnis, family visited Kotnis grave and Dr. Bethune International Peace Hospital
After Dr. Kotnis death, their son Yin Hua also passed away when he was just 25. Despite the two premature deaths, Mrs. Kotnis maintained her links with the Kotnis family. Mrs. Kotnis had been an honoured guest at many high-level diplomatic functions between China and India. She was a regular invitee at the Indian Embassy functions in China
Dr. Kotnis become famous in his hometown with the publication of "One Who Never Returned" written by Khwaja Abbas Ahmed and the screening of the movie "Dr. Kotnis Ki Amar Kahani," directed by V. Shantaram. No other Indians can claim the kind of adulation and respect Dr. Dwarakanath Kotnis enjoys in China. Dr. Kotnis contribution towards humanity will be remembered for ever
Dr. Dwarakanath Kotnis Glossary
adulation (n): admiration; praise
virulent (adj): dangerous
shy away (phr.v): avoid something that you dislike
epilepsy (n): a disease of the nervous system that causes a person to fall unconscious
revered (v): respected or admired deeply
commemorate (v): keep a great person, event etc. in people memories
vivacious (adj): cheerful
venerated (v): respected
septuagenarian (n): a person who crossed 70 years
memorabilia (n): objects that are collected in memory of persons and events
render (v): to give somebody something
vivacious (adj): having a lively, attractive personality
pursue (v): to try to achieve something over a period of time
internship (n): a job that an advanced student of medicine, whose training is nearly finished, does in a hospital to get further practical experience
put aside (phr.v): to ignore or forget something, usually a feeling or difference of opinion.
expedition (n) : an organized journey with a particular purpose
lose heart (idiom): to fall in love with somebody
passed away (phr.v): died
fortnight (n): two weeks
soulmate (n): an intimate associate or companion ; someone with whom you have a special relationship and whom you know and love very much
cherish (v): to love somebody/something very much and want to protect them or it